The article offers an empirical analysis of the ways in which Mexican press portrays Ukraine. To do this, this paper focuses on three major daily newspapers of Mexico, El Universal,La Jornadaand Milenio. The article offers a 12-month long diagnosis of the news, which discloses the agenda of objects and attributes regarding Ukraine. Therefore this study helps to explore the processes and factors that generate media image and communicate it to Mexican society. As far as methodology is concerned, a combination of (...) two aspects was employed in this study. The first was a quantitative analysis of news reports. The second was a qualitative interpretation applied to discover the evaluative undertones of the stories based on content analysis. To this end, all the 689 stories analyzed in this paper are classified as positive, negative and neutral and grouped - according to their topic - into 8 major categories: Economy, Politics, International Relations, Society, Culture, Public Security, Sports and Miscellanea. This study focuses on all the news reports on Ukraine, including those, which briefly mention the country, its territories or people. Moreover, the main findings of the paper were contrasted with the aspirations of communicative strategies of current Ukrainian government in order to understand whether the present image of the country in Mexico is adequate or desirable. Therefore, the analysis clearly indicates the dark and bright sides of country's projection in three analyzed newspapers. All the aforementioned efforts aim at better positioning of Ukraine both in Mexican society and internationally. (shrink)

ABSTRACTThe ‘Scientific Culture at Enterprises’ project aims to identify the different factors that characterize the image of science held by entrepreneurs and business managers, explore the relationships among these factors, and shed light on the role they play in defining this image and ultimately in developing a culture of science in the business sector. This article is based on the results of the SCe 2016 survey with a specially designed telephone survey questionnaire of a representative sample of Spanish companies. The (...) novelty of our approach lies in the application of a model developed in the fields of Social Studies of Science and Public Understanding of Science to the business sector, in order to obtain information on the dispositions of perception, interest, knowledge and action and their relationships with science and innovation in the business sector in Spain. Using the PIKA model of the image of science, we found this image in the business sector to be shaped by entrepreneurs... (shrink)

Air pollution is a current concern of people and government entities. Therefore, in urban scenarios, its monitoring and subsequent analysis is a remarkable and challenging issue due mainly to the variability of polluting-related factors. For this reason, the present work shows the development of a wireless sensor network that, through machine learning techniques, can be classified into three different types of environments: high pollution levels, medium pollution and no noticeable contamination into the Ibarra City. To achieve this goal, signal smoothing (...) stages, prototype selection, feature analysis and a comparison of classification algorithms are performed. As relevant results, there is a classification performance of 95% with a significant noisy data reduction. (shrink)

Resenha da obra Aparecida: significados e perspectivas, organizada pelo Professor Doutor Wagner Lopez Sanchez. Referência: SANCHEZ, Wagner Lopes. Aparecida: significados e perspectivas. Aparecida: Editora Santuário, 2018. 214 p.

Many domains, notably the one involving predicates of personal taste, present the phenomenon of apparent faultless disagreement. Contextualism is a characteristically moderate implementation of the relativistic attempt to endorse such appearances. According to an often-voiced objection, although it straightforwardly accounts for the faultlessness, contextualism fails to respect “facts about disagreement.” With many other recent contributors to the debate, I contend that the notion of disagreement—“genuine,” “real,” “substantive,” “robust” disagreement—is indeed very flexible, and in particular can be constituted by contrasting attitudes. (...) As such, contextualism is clearly straightforwardly compatible with facts about the existence of disagreement. There is, however, a genuine prima facie worry for contextualism involving facts about the expression of disagreement in ordinary conversations. Elaborating on a suggestion by Lewis :113–138, 1989), I argue that the presupposition of commonality approach in López de Sa shows that there are versions of contextualism that are in good standing vis-à-vis such facts about the expression of disagreement. (shrink)

Available corpora for Argument Mining differ along several axes, and one of the key differences is the presence (or absence) of discourse markers to signal argumentative content. Exploring effective ways to use discourse markers has received wide attention in various discourse parsing tasks, from which it is well-known that discourse markers are strong indicators of discourse relations. To improve the robustness of Argument Mining systems across different genres, we propose to automatically augment a given text with discourse markers such that (...) all relations are explicitly signaled. Our analysis unveils that popular language models taken out-of-the-box fail on this task; however, when fine-tuned on a new heterogeneous dataset that we construct (including synthetic and real examples), they perform considerably better. We demonstrate the impact of our approach on an Argument Mining downstream task, evaluated on different corpora, showing that language models can be trained to automatically fill in discourse markers across different corpora, improving the performance of a downstream model in some, but not all, cases. Our proposed approach can further be employed as an assistant tool for better discourse understanding. (shrink)

While there is much literature on autonomy and the conditions for its attainment, there is less on how those conditions reflect on agents’ ordinary careers. Most people’s careers involve a great deal of subservient activity that would prevent the kind of control over agents’ actions that autonomy would seem to require. Yet, it would seem strange to deny autonomy to every agent who regularly follows orders at work—to do so would make autonomy a futile ideal. Most contemporary autonomy accounts provide (...) purely theoretical analysis without reference to any practical goal that autonomy could serve. These accounts are likely to resolve this issue in one direction: either almost entirely including or excluding subservient workers from autonomy. Either solution would fail to distinguish agents who sufficiently control their lives, in spite of limited subservience, according to their own standards, from agents for whom subservience precludes a fulfilling life. I suggest the solution lies in a return to goal-oriented autonomy accounts, which can use the goal to distinguish when subservience overwhelms autonomy from when subservience and autonomy can coexist. I present an account that anchors autonomy in the happiness that it provides for agents who sufficiently control their lives as determined by their more important prudential standards. On this account, agents in subservient careers can be autonomous if they determine how to make their careers consistent with their happiness. (shrink)

The history of Credit Rating Agencies [CRAs], commonly called Rating Agencies, has a long and distinguished trajectory marked by influence, reputation and power. Due to the ability of this field to instigate significant changes in market regulations and actions of economic actors, this subject is extensively debated within the literature. In economic sociology, while some studies have focused on perceptions of performativity and market devices to understand how the calculability of its methods influences the economy, others, along relational lines of (...) sociology, aim to understand them through a more complex constructive process. In this study, we attempt to fill a gap by exploring the complementarity between two theoretical approaches to sociology: theory of fields and performativity. Thus, we mobilize theory of fields to understand the inter-field relationship between the State and CRAs. Specifically, this paper sets out to i) analyze the co-constitution of the state and market fields with the field of CRAs; ii) describe the existing regulation and situate the CRAs and their classification devices in the broader history of the State and the market; iii) analyze how the legitimation of the CRAs by the State generates broader social contexts that assist in the performative work of the CRAs. Based on historical documentary research, we analyze some of the main milestones and regulatory events in the field of CRAs. This research reaffirms the assumption that even after credibility crises, the State is the most significant predictor of legitimacy, power, and influence that CRAs hold to date. The legitimacy of this power and influence has yet to be exhausted because the reputation of CRAs is rooted in the reputation of the State itself. This happens because the State provides essential actions (such as regulations) for the existence of the financial market. Thus, results suggest that the State, through regulatory measures, can engage several other fields to promote the legitimacy of performative work of the CRAs, whose purpose is to provide calculation tools to shape markets. (shrink)

Aggressive techniques within casual sex encounters, such as taking sexual liberties without permission or ignoring rejection, can, perhaps unintentionally, complicate consent. Passive recipients may acquiesce out of fear, which aggressors may not realize. Some philosophers argue that social norms are sufficiently well known to make this misunderstanding unlikely. However, the chance of aggression leading to non-consensual sex, even if not great, is high enough that aggressors should work diligently to avoid this potentially grave result. I consider how this problem plays (...) out in the common mating ritual of hooking up. I argue that aggressive hook ups can only be permissible if they are modeled on BDSM encounters: the participants must obtain prior consent and prepare safe words for voiding that consent during the hook up. While this solution removes the spontaneity of aggressive sex, I argue that spontaneously aggressive hook ups with strangers cannot be permissible. (shrink)

Inter-organizational models are both a well-documented phenomena and a well-established domain in management and business ethics. Those models rest on collaborative capabilities. However, mainstream theories and practices aimed at developing these capabilities are based on a narrow set of assumptions and ethical principles about human nature and relationships, which constrain the very development of capabilities sought by them. This article presents an Aristotelic–Thomistic approach to collaborative entrepreneurship within and across communities of firms operating in complementary markets. Adopting a scholarship of (...) integration approach and evaluating the six studies of communities of organizations, we contribute an inter-organizational network model based on the assumptions about human motives and choice offered by Aristotle. We argue that the sustainability of inter-organizational communities depends on how rich is the set of assumptions about human nature upon which they are based. In order to develop and sustain collaborative capabilities in inter-organizational communities, a set of assumptions that takes both self-regarding and others’-regarding preferences as ends is required to avoid any kind of instrumentalization of collaboration, which is an end in itself. Implications for theory and practice are discussed. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é, ao fazer memória dos cem anos da Escola de Frankfurt e assumindo como interlocutor Jürgen Habermas, discutir dois temas importantes para nosso contexto: as questões da liberdade e da religião. Em primeiro lugar, trata-se de verificar o que significa dizer ser livre em sentido próprio. Veremos que para Habermas apenas a autonomia da vontade torna possível afirmar a liberdade em sentido próprio. Em seguida, considerando o papel da religião da esfera pública, trata-se de perguntar em (...) que medida ela pode contribuir, ou não, para a formação da vontade autônoma dos cidadãos no Estado de Direito Democrático. Isso significa questionar em que medida a religião estaria apta a contribuir para o processo de integração das sociedades atuais caracterizadas pelo pluralismo e pela coexistência de crentes, não-crentes e crentes de denominações religiosas distintas que possuem o mesmo direito ao reconhecimento e à participação no espaço público. Palavras-chave: Autonomia. Pluralismo. Pretensão à Verdade. Integração Social. (shrink)

No presente texto procuramos apresentar um panorama da obra de Paulo Arantes analisando os pontos de contato entre sete de suas principais obras: Ressentimento da dialética, Sentimento de dialética, O fio da meada, Zero à esquerda, Extinção, O novo tempo do mundo e Um departamento francês de ultramar. Procurando ressaltar a preocupação fundamental que alinhava a diversidade temática dessas obras, nos esforçamos em reconstruir a argumentação de Arantes, em especial na medida que lida com o problema dos limites da modernização (...) capitalista, a relação entre esses limites e a racionalidade moderna, e a bizarra sobrevida civilizacional para além deles. Esse tríplice problema é várias vezes recolocado na obra de Arantes, na medida que a atenção do autor oscila entre sua manifestação na periferia mundial e nas metrópoles capitalistas. (shrink)

Neste artigo, defendemos a tese de que a Educação é um dos temas fundamentais da reflexão de Lima Vaz. Propomos mostrar de que maneira, para ele, o ethos possui papel importante na formação da consciência e da personalidade morais. Em primeiro lugar, explicitaremos em que sentido a educação, embora não seja tema principal de nenhuma obra de Lima Vaz, pode ser compreendida como tema transversal que perpassa as obras do autor. Em seguida, explicitaremos qual o papel do ethos na constituição (...) do caráter. Ora, o ethos é coextensivo à cultura. Ao ser socializado, o sujeito aprende uma língua, pode ser introduzido nas tradições de uma religião, e interioriza normas de conduta. Por um lado, o ethos possui importante papel na formação do caráter e da personalidade. A comunidade educa o indivíduo e, neste sentido, é também responsável por ele. Por outro lado, o hábito ético garante a permanência do ethos. Logo, o sujeito também é responsável por suas ações e pela manutenção do ethos. Finalmente, mostraremos que a crise do ethos e da tradição torna necessário adotar postura reflexiva. Torna-se necessário tomar distância e avaliar o próprio ethos concreto. A relação entre o sujeito e o ethos não é completamente determinada. O sujeito pode sempre se opor às tradições e colocar em questão a validade das mesmas. Além disso, quando as tradições estão em crise se faz necessário redescobrir uma nova orientação através do exercício do logos. Esta orientação deve ser capaz de conduzir o sujeito à realização do bem. Palavras-chave: Ética. Educação. Ethos. Tradição. Bem. (shrink)

Tom Regan argued that animal sports cannot be morally permissible because they are cruel and the animals do not voluntarily participate. While Regan is correct about actual animal sports, we should ask whether substantially revised animal sports could be permissible. We can imagine significant changes to certain animal sports, such as horse racing, that would avoid cruelty and even allow the animals to make their own choices. Where alternative options are freely available, we can consider the horses to have preference (...) autonomy in that they make their own decisions, and we could thereby claim that we have their hypothetical consent. Though this scenario would be sufficient to constitute permissible animal games, these activities could not amount to sports because the events would be unpredictable with the animals not following the rules in the precise way that sport requires. Therefore, permissible animal sports are not possible. (shrink)

There is a difference between the tasks of interpreting Sextus Empiricus and contesting his arguments. Usually, one does the latter relying on some version of the former. Though this seems obvious, it is easy to make mistakes in this endeavor. From this point, I draw two basic recommendations which we should follow, lest we take Sextus to hold implausible positions regarding his Five Modes. However, these recommendations lead us to interpret Sextus’ Pyrrhonism as a limited skepticism. In the final section, (...) as I suggest a counter-example to this commitment, I reconsider the notion of infinite (apeiron) in the Five Modes to better explain interpretation and criticism of Sextus’ arguments. (shrink)

We show how a semantics based on Aristotle’s texts and ecthetic proofs can be reconstructed. All truth conditions are given by means of set inclusion. Perfect syllogisms reveal to be valid arguments that deserve a validity proof. It turns out of these proofs that transitivity of set inclusion is the necessary and sufficient condition for the validity and perfection of a syllogism. The proofs of validity for imperfect syllogisms are direct proofs without conversion in a calculus of natural deduction. Transitivity (...) of set inclusion turns out to be a necessary condition for the validity of imperfect syllogisms. As a consequence, it can be established what the main metalogical difference between a perfect and an imperfect syllogism is. The validity of the laws of conversion is also obtained by direct proofs. Finally, it is shown that and explained why some imperfect syllogisms satisfy the definition of a perfect syllogism. (shrink)

From March to September 2020, researchers working at a biomedical scientific campus in Spain faced two lockdowns and various mobility restrictions that affected their social and professional lifestyles. The working group “Women in Science,” which acts as an independent observatory of scientific gender inequalities on campus launched an online survey to assess the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on scientific activity, domestic and caregiving tasks, and psychological status. The survey revealed differences in scientific performance by gender: while male researchers participated in (...) a larger number of scientific activities for career development, female researchers performed more invisible scientific tasks, including peer review or outreach activities. Mental impact was greater in researchers caring for children or dependents, and this was aggravated for women. Results spot a disproportionate impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on female scientific career development, and urges for equity measures to mitigate the consequences of an increase in the gender gap in biomedical sciences for current and future pandemics. (shrink)

Recently, we have seen various proposed laws that would require that women considering abortions be given ultrasounds along with explanations of these ultrasounds. Proponents of these laws could argue that they are assisting with autonomous abortion choices by providing needed information, especially about the ontological status of the fetus. Arguing against these proposed laws, I first claim that their supporters fail to appreciate how personalized an abortion choice must be. Second, I argue that these laws would provide the pregnant woman (...) no control over when and to what extent emotion is inserted into her deliberation. This unjustly inhibits her autonomy, making these ultrasound laws unjustified. (shrink)

Emmanuel Mounier busca um possível diálogo entre o personalismo e o marxismo. Este diálogo é ciente dos pontos de contato e de afastamento entre as duas teorias. Mounier não aceita o que ele chama de redução materialista do ser pessoal e insiste na consideração do espírito como constituinte da pessoa tanto quanto a matéria. Um reforma da sociedade precisa estar atenta tanto ao aspecto material como espiritual e moral da pessoa e da sociedade em que ela está situada. No projeto (...) de revolução personalista e comunitária Mounier afirma ser fundamental que a questão do homem singular nunca seja considerada adiável, mas como uma preocupação simultânea às de ordem política e econômica. (shrink)

Altered attachment characteristics may disturb the HPA and can even cause changes in the hippocampus. However, it is unknown if that will influence spatial navigation performance, learning and recalling. In this study we pretend to verify if there are differences in spatial navigation learning and was associated with attachment style dimensions of anxiety and close-depend. Sixty-five female participants were recruited and were evaluated using the Adult Attachment Scale-R and tested on a virtual maze navigation task (VMT) at one moment (exploratory (...) trial + 3 trials) and 24h later (3 trials). There was a significant Moment x Trial x Close-Depend interaction for the outcome time, F (2, 126) = 3.807, p = 0.025, with post-hoc analysis indicating that the High Close-Depend group displayed significant improvements between Trial 1 and Trial 3 in the post-test assessment. Conversely, the Low Close-Depend group displayed significant improvements between Trial 1and Trial 3 but on the pre-test assessment. Furthermore, the Low Close-Depend group presented significant better performance in pre-test Trial 3 in comparison to the High Close-Depend group. Thereby, it seems that low comfort with proximity and trust in others is associated with reduced spatial navigation recall, although spatial learning performance was actually superior in these participants. It is possible that reduced exposure to social interaction and meaning relationship may be reduced in the Low Close-Depend group, leading to modifications in hippocampal function and, ultimately, reduced spatial recall. Conversely, participants with high comfort with proximity and trust in others may not display typical spatial learning in the proposed task as they are more willing to freely explore the presented environment. (shrink)

he psychiatrich reform aims to break the hegemony of the drug therapies by the introduction of other ways of treatment not only seeking to control the behavior of the subject. According to this, the present work is about an Extension Project that propose workshops where was producing artwork aimed t..

A EVASÃO FISCAL NAS RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS E SEUS REFLEXOS NA LIVRE CONCORRÊNCIA DO MERCADO INTERNO.

A adolescência é um período do desenvolvimento acompanhado de importantes mudanças na esfera física, psicológica e social, caracterizando-se como um momento de transição para a vida adulta. A presente pesquisa investigou algumas repercussões que uma doença crônica como a fibrose cística possui dentr..

Este artigo apresenta a proposta de Emmanuel Mounier e a crítica de Louis Althusser em relação à educação capitalista e articula um contato entre essas duas posições. Não é um contato que tem como objetivo um consenso entre os dois autores, mas que procura apontar como podemos aliar a consciência do perigo de alienação na educação com a esperança que a educação pode representar se for desenvolvida com os devidos cuidados e tendo em vista uma concepção integral da pessoa, o (...) que se alcança se a educação é entendida não só como instrução, mas também como formação. Com este enfoque é possível que a pessoa cresça não apenas numa instrução para a profissão, mas numa formação para a liberdade. (shrink)

Na década de 1960 a prática do arquivo se torna frequente na produção artística. O arquivo também surge como metáfora do tempo, da memória e do esquecimento de uma cultura. A imobilização do tempo numa imagem mnemônica é ativada por uma espécie de coação em que as representações entre sujeitos ou entre sujeitos e coisas estão próximas do colapso ou do desaparecimento. “Aquilo que sabemos que, em breve, não teremos diante de nós torna-se imagem”, afirma Walter Benjamin. Nesse contexto, a (...) fotografia desempenha um duplo papel: ela é agente da dissolução da memória, com sua oferta compulsiva de imagens, e meio de registro para a formação da história. Este trabalho tem como proposta pensar a apropriação da imagem fotográfica pelo meio artístico e como essa tensão entre esquecimento e memória resulta em outra historiografia da arte. (shrink)

A VISÃO FILOSÓFICA DA GNOSE DE SAMPAIO BRUNO, O MAIS IMPORTANTE MÍSTICO GNÓSTICO PORTUGUÊS DOS TEMPOS MODERNOS Autor da concepção gnóstica mais reflectida, mais coerente e mais abrangente sob o ponto de vista filosófico e metafísico-teológico, Sampaio Bruno será nos tempos modernos o mais representativo e importante místico gnóstico português Procurando fundamentar a proposta de uma religião esotérica universal, Sampaio Bruno realiza a ideia de uma nova concepção da gnose em detrimento da velha gnose, que é essencialmente consubstanciada pelo judaísmo (...) místico da cabala e iluminada por uma matricialidade pagã de raiz perso-caldaica UMA OBRA QUE DÁ UM CONTRIBUTO FUNDAMENTAL PARA A IDENTIFICAÇÃO E EXPLICAÇÃO DAS PRINCIPAIS PERSPECTIVAS, MANIFESTAÇÕES E REFERÊNCIAS DA CONCEPÇÃO GNÓSTICA DE SAMPAIO BRUNO. (shrink)

Como as paixões apareciam na dialética de Platão? Como apareciam na escrita retórica? Como apareciam na lógica dos estoicos? Nas Tusculanas, Cícero examina formas diversas de discurso sobre as paixões e as virtudes em busca de fundamentos para a filosofia moral. Este exame, que se assemelha a uma história dos discursos antigos, também põe em confronto as grandes escolas materialistas da Antiguidade: a medicina hipocrática, o estoicismo, o cirenaísmo e o epicurismo. O estudo das Tusculanas de Cícero nos permite uma (...) apreensão dos diferentes modos de discurso sobre as paixões que foram elaborados e utilizados durante a Antiguidade. (shrink)

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de conectar a teoria criada por Pierre Bourdieu sobre a violência simbólica e o texto de Audre Lorde, The use of anger: women responding to racism do seu livro Sister Outsider; demonstrando a importância do debate sobre a relação entre dominante e dominado a partir do viés racial, tema abordado por ambos autores em seus textos. Com este fito, pretendemos diferenciar os resultados objetivos do ódio, raiva e culpa, bem como o modo que as (...) agressões invisíveis repercutem na vida do oprimido. Tendo como foco o racismo na vida da “mulher de cor” que ainda nos dias de hoje, em uma pirâmide social, se encontram em desvantagem quanto aos demais indivíduos. Faz parte dos objetivos também trazer à tona a reação do oprimido como consequência natural dos séculos de silenciamento, privação e desumanização, analisando os mecanismos institucionais para pacificação social. (shrink)

Dentro do pensamento arenditiano, a experiência da solidão é uma das formas mais radicais de afastamento do ser humano da própria humanidade. Para Arendt existem caminhos que podem apontar e conduzir à solidão, e que devem ser vigiados e evitados. Arendt entende que esta experiência tão radical atinge seu ápice no contexto do totalitarismo, em especial nos campos de concentração. A solidão se torna estrutural e é fabricada continuamente no contexto totalitário. Como experiencia onde a pessoa se perde do mundo, (...) dos outros e de si mesma, a solidão é usada pelo regime totalitário como antecipação do aniquilamento final, onde a pessoa se torna um mero feixe vital, um morto vivo, sem expressão do ser pessoa, restando apenas o aniquilamento nos campos. (shrink)

Adapting gross motor movement to match the tempo of auditory rhythmic stimulation is a complex skill with a long developmental trajectory. Drumming tasks have previously been employed with infants and young children to measure the emergence of rhythmic entrainment, and may provide a tool for identification of those with atypical rhythm perception and production. Here we describe a new protocol for measuring infant rhythmic movement that can be employed at scale. In the current study, 50 two-year-olds drummed along with the (...) audiovisual presentation of four steady rhythms, using videos of isochronous drumming at 400, 500, 600, and 700 ms IOI, and provided their spontaneous motor tempo by drumming in silence. Toddlers’ drumming is observed from video recordings made in participants’ own homes, obtained via the Lookit platform for online infant studies. We use OpenPose deep-learning model to generate wireframe estimates of hand and body location for each video. The vertical displacement of the hand was extracted, and the power and frequency of infants’ rhythmic entrainment quantified using Fast Fourier Transforms. We find evidence for age-appropriate tempo-flexibility in our sample. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of a fully digital approach to measuring rhythmic entrainment from within the participant’s home, from early in development. (shrink)

O artigo apresenta como princípio de sua fundamentação a possibilidade de compreender a filosofia de Platão como saber que intenciona, sobretudo, a formação e transformação do ser mesmo do homem, isto é, a alma mediante um processo terapêutico aplicado sobre si. Neste sentido será a partir da proposta interpretativa encontrada nas obras do helenista francês, Pierre Hadot, sobre a filosofia antiga, que inferir-se-á que em Platão há uma terapêutica da psyché, a qual, se fundamenta e se revela de maneira necessariamente (...) triádica: o cuidado de si, o conhecimento de si e o domínio sobre si, aqui denominados de “exercícios espirituais”, esta referida tríade, caracterizaria a filosofia platônica como um modo de vida, ou seja, uma proposta de ser abrangente que integre theoría e práxis. Por conseguinte, considera-se a existência de dois claros objetivos na filosofia como terapia da psyché que se justapõem: oferecer formação filosófico-espiritual à psyché e preparar ao bíos politiké. (shrink)